Causal relationships between gut microbiome and aplastic anemia: a Mendelian randomization analysis

BackgroundPrevious observational studies have hinted at a potential correlation between aplastic anemia (AA) and the gut microbiome. However, the precise nature of this bidirectional causal relationship remains uncertain.MethodsWe conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the potential causal link between the gut microbiome and AA. Statistical analysis of the gut microbiome was based on data from an extensive meta-analysis (genome-wide association study) conducted by the MiBioGen Alliance, involving 18,340 samples. Summary statistical data for AA were obtained from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit database. Single -nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were estimated and summarized using inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, and weighted median methods in the bidirectional MR analysis. Cochran's Q test, MR Egger intercept test, and sensitivity analysis were employed to assess SNP heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and stability.ResultsThe IVW analysis revealed a significant correlation between AA and 10 bacterial taxa. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to support a causal relationship between AA and the composition of gut microbiome.ConclusionThis study suggests a causal connection between the prevalence of specific gut microbiome and AA. Further investigation into the interaction between particular bacterial communities and AA could enhance efforts in prevention, monitoring, and treatment of the condition.