Novel inhibitors of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain trigger cell death in breast cancer cell lines

Small molecule inhibitors targeting the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins have emerged as a promising class of anti-cancer drugs. Nevertheless, the clinical advancement of these agents has been significantly hampered by challenges related to their potency, oral bioavailability, or toxicity. In this study, virtual screening approaches were employed to discover novel inhibitors of the bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) by analyzing their comparable chemical structural features to established BRD4 inhibitors. Several of these compounds exhibited inhibitory effects on BRD4 activity ranging from 60 % to 70 % at 100 mu M concentrations, while one compound also exhibited an 84 % inhibition of Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) activity. Furthermore, a subset of structurally diverse compounds from the BRD4 inhibitors was selected to investigate their anti-cancer properties in both 2D and 3D cell cultures. These compounds exhibited varying effects on cell numbers depending on the specific cell line, and some of them induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells. Moreover, all the compounds studied reduced the sizes of spheroids, and the most potent compound exhibited a 90 % decrease in growth at a concentration of 10 mu M in T47D cells. These compounds hold potential as epigenetic regulators for future studies.