Emergence of Achromobacter xylosoxidans Bacteremia in a Tertiary Care Center: A Case Report and Literature Review

Achromobacter xylosoxidans (A. xylosoxidans) is an opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for various nosocomial and community-acquired infections. It is often found in patients with cystic fibrosis or chronic lung diseases. Here, a 70-year-old female patient presented to an emergency department with complaints of diffuse abdominal pain and distension, on and off giddiness, and generalized body pain for one month with a known case of diabetes and hypertension. The patient had no history of nausea, vomiting, constipation/loose stools, or fever at the time of arrival. Then, the patient was admitted with a provisional diagnosis of incisional hernia. However, the patient developed a fever after she had undergone surgery for an incisional hernia. The blood culture reveals the growth of A. xylosoxidans. The patient responded well to treatment with intravenous antibiotics piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem for five days. The literature on bacteremia caused by A. xylosoxidans in incisional hernia patients is reviewed in this study, along with the distinct antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.