Standardizing the skin tape stripping method for sensitization and using it to create a mouse model of peanut allergy

Background: Animal models for food allergies serve as crucial tools in understanding allergy mechanisms and assessing the efficacy of potential desensitization methods. The effectiveness of inducing allergies in mice through intragastric lavage sensitization varies. The intraperitoneal method can trigger systemic anaphylaxis, however it lacks anatomical relevance. Hence, a uniform and reliable allergy induction method in mice is required. Tape -stripping can mimic atopic dermatitis (AD), a precursor to lifelong peanut allergies in humans. Furthermore, skin damage triggers the upregulation of skin alarmins and the expansion of small-intestinal mast cells, both implicated in allergy development. Methods: We standardized a skin-based sensitization method in a mouse model of peanut allergy using skin tapestripping followed by allergen application. We compared this method with intragastric sensitization. Results: Skin-based sensitization led to increased mast cells, goblet cells, and eosinophils in the small intestine, elevated systemic IgE levels, murine mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1), histamine, and eosinophilic activity in peripheral blood. Moreover, it resulted in a significant hypothermic response, with nearly 30% mortality following an oral challenge one-month post-sensitization. Conclusion: Our research offers a standardized and readily reproducible method for inducing peanut allergy in mice, which could also be adapted for other food allergens.