An Update on the Study of the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Autophagy during Bacterial Pathogenesis

被引:1
|
作者
Rahman, Md Ataur [1 ,2 ]
Sarker, Amily [3 ]
Ayaz, Mohammed [3 ]
Shatabdy, Ananya Rahman [3 ]
Haque, Nabila [3 ]
Jalouli, Maroua [4 ]
Rahman, MD. Hasanur [5 ]
Mou, Taslin Jahan [3 ]
Dey, Shuvra Kanti [3 ]
Apu, Ehsanul Hoque [6 ,7 ]
Zafar, Muhammad Sohail [8 ,9 ,10 ]
Parvez, Md. Anowar Khasru [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Michigan, Dept Neurol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[2] Islamic Univ, Fac Biol Sci, Dept Biotechnol & Genet Engn, Global Biotechnol & Biomed Res Network GBBRN, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
[3] Jahangirnagar Univ, Dept Microbiol, Savar 1342, Bangladesh
[4] Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ IMSIU, Coll Sci, Dept Biol, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
[5] Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Sci & Technol Un, Fac Life Sci, Dept Biotechnol & Genet Engn, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
[6] Lincoln Mem Univ, Coll Dent Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Knoxville, TN 37923 USA
[7] Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol & Oncol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[8] Taibah Univ, Coll Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia
[9] Univ Jordan, Sch Dent, Amman 11942, Jordan
[10] Riphah Int Univ, Islamic Int Dent Coll, Dept Dent Mat, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
关键词
autophagy; xenophagy; bacteria; pathogenesis; bacterial toxins; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SELECTIVE AUTOPHAGY; CELL-DEATH; IFN-GAMMA; SALMONELLA; ACTIVATION; ENDOTOXIN; TARGET; TOXINS;
D O I
10.3390/biomedicines12081757
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Autophagy is a unique catabolic process that degrades irrelevant or damaged components in eukaryotic cells to maintain homeostasis and eliminate infections from pathogenesis. Pathogenic bacteria have developed many autophagy manipulation techniques that affect host immune responses and intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved to avoid xenophagy. However, reducing its effectiveness as an innate immune response has not yet been elucidated. Bacterial pathogens cause autophagy in infected cells as a cell-autonomous defense mechanism to eliminate the pathogen. However, harmful bacteria have learned to control autophagy and defeat host defenses. Intracellular bacteria can stimulate and control autophagy, while others inhibit it to prevent xenophagy and lysosomal breakdown. This review evaluates the putative functions for xenophagy in regulating bacterial infection, emphasizing that successful pathogens have evolved strategies to disrupt or exploit this defense, reducing its efficiency in innate immunity. Instead, animal models show that autophagy-associated proteins influence bacterial pathogenicity outside of xenophagy. We also examine the consequences of the complex interaction between autophagy and bacterial pathogens in light of current efforts to modify autophagy and develop host-directed therapeutics to fight bacterial infections. Therefore, effective pathogens have evolved to subvert or exploit xenophagy, although autophagy-associated proteins can influence bacterial pathogenicity outside of xenophagy. Finally, this review implies how the complex interaction between autophagy and bacterial pathogens affects host-directed therapy for bacterial pathogenesis.
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页数:21
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