Modes of transport and detection of illicit drugs in European ports: a literature review

Maritime drug trafficking poses a serious threat to the security and stability of European countries, with criminal organisations employing diverse strategies, ranging from hiding drugs in legal containers to using small boats for smuggling. In response, European authorities have stepped up international cooperation and improved port security. This article presents the findings of a review on the transport of drugs in European ports, identifying those most affected and analysing the technological strategies used. It investigates areas such as the rip on/rip off, container change and ship transport, as well as technologies such as X-ray drug scanning and maritime security drones. It examines 50 selected studies from databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, in addition to specialised sources. It concludes with an analysis of current and future perspectives in the fight against maritime drug trafficking in Europe.