Impact of double diffusion on solid particle dispersion in rotated cylinders with nano-enhanced phase change materials

This study introduces an innovative approach that combines the Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method with Artificial Neural Networks to examine the dispersion of solid particles within rotated circular cylinders filled with nano-enhanced phase change materials. This method addresses the limitations of traditional numerical techniques by improving accuracy in complex geometries and dynamic boundary conditions. The various parameters are examined, including the lengths of low sources in boundary walls ( L b ), dimensionless time (z ), Hartmann number (Ha), Ha ), Darcy number (Da), Da ), thermal radiation parameter (Rd), and Rayleigh number (Ra). Ra ). The solid particles are initially situated at the center gate between the two circular cylinders, maintained at elevated temperature Th h and concentration C h . Due to the upward direction of convection flow, the solid particles are consistently dispersed into the top circular cylinder. The findings offer valuable insights into the system's behavior. The dispersion of solid particles within the NEPCM is influenced by both z and L b , showcasing minimal dispersion for (z <= 0.1) ) and intensified dispersion for (z >= 0.2), ), particularly augmented by larger L b . The heat capacity ratio (Cr) Cr ) exhibits a decrease with increasing Lb b at multiple time points. A decrease in the Darcy number significantly slows down the dispersion of solid particles because of the substantial resistance posed by the porous medium. As the Rayleigh number increases, there is an enhanced dispersion of solid particles into the upper circular cylinder and heightened temperature distributions. Additionally, the average Nusselt number ( Nu ) and Sherwood number ( Sh ) decrease with the increase in Lb b due to the expansion of low-temperature and concentration source. When the length Lb b was increased from 0.25 to 1, Nu and Sh decreased by approximately 76% and 67%, respectively, underscoring the impact of geometric configuration on heat and mass transfer efficiency. The study highlights the effectiveness of the MLP model in predicting ( Nu ) and ( Sh ) values through graphical analysis, showing significant agreement with the target values. The results demonstrated notable improvements in managing particle dispersion and heat/mass transfer, emphasizing the potential of this integrated approach for applications in thermal management and energy optimization.