Multi-objective optimization of daylighting performance and energy consumption of educational buildings in different climatic zones of China

With the implementation of China's "Healthy Building" and "Dual Carbon" strategies, daylight health and energy-saving carbon reduction in buildings have become key research areas. In educational buildings, early design decisions significantly impact students' eye health and energy consumption reduction, making it crucial to balance these concerns. Studies indicate that sufficient and continuous daylight can significantly improve students' eye health, mood and sleep. To maximize the UDI level at the eye level (seated) and minimize EUI and DGP, this study used the multi-objective optimization tool Wallacei based on NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) for genetic optimization. This study uses the Shiji Building of Central South University in Changsha, Hunan, as a reference model to provide optimal classroom designs for China's five major thermal design zones: severe cold, cold, hot summer and warm winter, hot summer and cold winter, and mild. The results indicate that optimizing the classroom's deflection angle, length, width, height, and WWR significantly improves energy efficiency and daylighting performance. Specific data shows that an orientation 5 degrees east or 5 degrees west of south helps balance energy consumption and daylighting performance in both large and small classrooms. The length and width of the classrooms vary greatly, but the height generally converges to 3.2 m. Increasing the WWR to 0.5-0.7 demonstrates good energy efficiency and daylighting performance in both large and small classrooms in hot climate zones. In all climate zones, compared to the initial scheme, the Knee solutions reduced the EUI of both types of classrooms by up to 19.0 %, reduced DGP by up to 56.4 %, and increased UDI by up to 19.0 %.