Perception and Acceptance of Telemedicine Use in Health Care Among the General Public in China:Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is bringing about substantial changes in health care systems, leading to a significant shift toward telemedicine for the delivery of health care services. Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between perceived usefulness and ease of use of telemedicine servicesand their association with the behavioral intention to use telemedicine. Methods: An anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted in China. Partial least squares structural equation modelingwas used to determine significant predictors of intention to use telemedicine consultation. Types of illnesses that favored seekingtelemedicine consultation, as well as the most preferred platform for conducting telemedicine consultations, were also investigated. Results: In total, 1006 participants completed the survey. A total of 44.3% (n=446) reported being very likely and 49.3% (n=496)reported being likely to seek telemedicine consultation. Overall, the majority of participants expressed strong agreement oragreement regarding the perceived usefulness of telemedicine. Likewise, the majority indicated strong agreement or agreementwhen it came to their perception of the ease of using telemedicine. In the partial least squares structural equation modeling, perceived usefulness (beta=0.322; P<.001) and perceived ease of use (beta=0.118; P=.01) were significantly associated with a higher like lihood of seeking telemedicine consultation. A considerable number of participants expressed willingness to use telemedicine services for various medical conditions, particularly respiratory (n=340, 33.8%), skin (n=316, 31.4%), and musculoskeletal issues(n=316, 31.4%) while showing less interest in seeking telemedicine consultations for reproductive health (n=44, 4.4%) and cancer(n=64, 6.4%). The majority preferred video chat (n=443, 44%) and text chat (n=317, 31.5%) as their most preferred plat forms for telemedicine consultation, while a smaller proportion preferred telephone (n=193, 19.2%) and email (n=53, 5.3%). Conclusions: Telemedicine has the potential to play a larger role in China's health care system. The preferences for certain platforms over others may influence service design and implementation.