Observability for Quantum Workflows in Heterogeneous Multi-cloud Environments

Quantum workflows enable a robust, scalable, and reliable orchestration of hybrid applications comprising classical and quantum tasks. Varying availability and pricing of classical infrastructure and quantum devices promote adaptive deployments of required functionalities. While workflow engines enable to execute, monitor, and analyze quantum workflows, visualizing the information relevant to each specific user group is challenging, particularly within heterogeneous and adaptive multi-cloud environments. To overcome this issue, we present an approach enabling unified observability of quantum workflows, including details of the classical services and infrastructure, as well as the current characteristics of used quantum devices. To this end, we introduce different process views that facilitate workflow monitoring and analysis for quantum and deployment experts and discuss them for a typical use case from the quantum domain. Further, we provide a system architecture and a corresponding prototypical implementation supporting our approach.