Ungrateful Refugees: North Korean Refugees in South Korea

Despite South Korea's support for their transition, North Korean defectors in South Korea suffer from social isolation and financial difficulties. Moreover, they cannot speak about their problems for fear of being blamed as "ungrateful." This paper will problematize their human rights issues in the South by discussing two documentary films: Mrs. B., a North Korean Woman (2016) and Shadow Flowers (2019). Both films are about North Korean refugee women who have obtained South Korean citizenship but are unhappy and want to return home. Watched and controlled by the authorities, their right to freedom of mobility takes the back seat for concerns over national security. They are also supposed to stay silent to avoid being labeled as ungrateful refugees and targeted by far-right extremists and anti-communists. Considering Mrs. B. and Ryun-hee's cases, the paper will show how their harsh reality is stuck in the unhappy resettlement in the South. By adopting a critical refugee studies approach, the paper will identify their ungrateful character, being in line with its depiction of the grateful refugee as a constructed character. Thus, it will explore how South Korean society can accommodate the different voices of those ungrateful North Korean defectors without dismissing or demonizing them.