Oxidative Metabolism as a Cause of Lipid Peroxidation in the Execution of Ferroptosis

被引:20
作者
Fujii, Junichi [1 ]
Imai, Hirotaka [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Yamagata Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Yamagata 9909585, Japan
[2] Kitasato Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Lab Hyg Chem, Tokyo 1088641, Japan
[3] Kitasato Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Med Res Labs, Tokyo 1088641, Japan
关键词
glycolysis; tricarboxylic acid cycle; urea cycle; metabolic remodeling; CELL-DEATH; BUTHIONINE SULFOXIMINE; CONFERS FERROPTOSIS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; OPHTHALMIC ACID; PROTECTS CELLS; VITAMIN-E; GLUTATHIONE; STRESS; IRON;
D O I
10.3390/ijms25147544
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Ferroptosis is a type of nonapoptotic cell death that is characteristically caused by phospholipid peroxidation promoted by radical reactions involving iron. Researchers have identified many of the protein factors that are encoded by genes that promote ferroptosis. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a key enzyme that protects phospholipids from peroxidation and suppresses ferroptosis in a glutathione-dependent manner. Thus, the dysregulation of genes involved in cysteine and/or glutathione metabolism is closely associated with ferroptosis. From the perspective of cell dynamics, actively proliferating cells are more prone to ferroptosis than quiescent cells, which suggests that radical species generated during oxygen-involved metabolism are responsible for lipid peroxidation. Herein, we discuss the initial events involved in ferroptosis that dominantly occur in the process of energy metabolism, in association with cysteine deficiency. Accordingly, dysregulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle coupled with the respiratory chain in mitochondria are the main subjects here, and this suggests that mitochondria are the likely source of both radical electrons and free iron. Since not only carbohydrates, but also amino acids, especially glutamate, are major substrates for central metabolism, dealing with nitrogen derived from amino groups also contributes to lipid peroxidation and is a subject of this discussion.
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页数:24
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