Prediction of Digital Economy Development Levels in Urban Cities Based on the GCSA-GM(1,N) Model

Based on the digital economy index (DEI) and Technological Innovation, Industrial Structure, GDP and Openness to the Development Index data of 15 sub-provincial cities from 2017 to 2021, we construct a framework to predict the development potential of the urban digital economy and analyse the spatial evolution trend under the 'small data' scenario using geometric causal strength analysis GM(1,N)and the gravity center model. The empirical analysis reveals that,15 sub-provincial cities, at least one of the influencing factors has acausal relationship with the urban DEI that is greater than 0.5. The average forecast error of the GM(1,N) model based oncausalitystrengthin15 sub-provincial cities is less than1%in 2022. This reflects that four influencing factors can be used as an effective indicator to measure the level of digital economic development. The forecast results also indicate that the digital economy center of China's sub-provincial cities will evolve from north to south and from east to west in 2022-2025. Finally, this study presents suggestions from three aspects: Strengthening technological innovation, promoting industrial digital transformation and upgrading, and strengthening cross-regional cooperation and exchanges