Trends in surgical ablation at the time of cardiac surgery among patients with atrial fibrillation

Background: The 2017 American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) guidelines support surgical ablation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with preoperative atrial fi brillation (AF) owing to a reduction in early mortality and improved overall safety. We explored practice patterns changes and outcomes in patients undergoing concomitant surgical ablation following the guideline change.<br /> Methods: We identified fi ed 19,246 patients with preoperative AF who underwent cardiac surgery between 2016 and 2019 from the Florida and Maryland State Inpatient Databases. Rates of surgical ablation by procedure type were temporally trended across years. Secondary outcomes included complications, inpatient mortality, and hospital readmissions. Using multivariable logistic regression, we identified fi ed patient variables associated with concomitant surgical ablation.<br /> Results: A total of 2738 patients (14.3%) % ) with AF underwent a concomitant surgical ablation. The rate of surgical ablation increased from 2.1% % to 17.4% % (P<.001) P < .001) from 2016 to 2017 but remained unchanged thereafter. Postoperative mortality was lower in the surgical ablation cohort (2.7% % vs 3.7%; % ; P 1 / 4 .006), although with a higher rate of pacemaker insertion (11.8% % vs 7.2%; % ; P < .0001). Patients with a high-risk Elixhauser score (odds ratio [OR], 0.83; 95% % confidence fi dence interval [CI], 0.73-0.95), lower income (OR, 0.66; 95% % CI, 0.57-0.75), or African American or Hispanic race/ethnicity (OR, 0.80; 95% % CI, 0.67-0.96 and OR, 0.82; 95% % CI, 0.71-0.96, respectively) had lower odds of undergoing concomitant surgical ablation.<br /> Conclusions: Despite a class I-2a recommendation by the AATS, surgical ablation continues to be underutilized in clinical practice, especially in patients with high- risk comorbidities, with lower incomes, or from minority populations. Surgeons should be mindful of guideline-directed AF management in these vulnerable populations.