Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes After Ventricular Fibrillation

Introduction: This study is a retrospective review of patients who sustained out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. The data were analyzed to decipher predictors of good outcomes as the overall survival rate in the county is significantly higher than the national average. Methods: The inclusion criteria for the study comprised all patients over the age of 18 for whom a call was made for unresponsiveness. Data for this project included all cardiac arrests due to ventricular fibrillation in the calendar year 2022. Results: A total of 80 patients sustained cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. The age range was 27-80 years old. The study has 71% White, 19% African American, 8.7% Hispanic, and 1% other populations. Ninety-five percent received epinephrine, 89% utilized an advanced airway, 60% underwent hypothermia protocol, 24% utilized an AED device, and 14% used a mechanical CPR device. Seventy-six percent were pronounced dead in the ER or the hospital, and 19% survived to discharge. In the survivor population, CPR was initiated in 13 minutes or less and defibrillation occurred in 23 minutes or less. While none of the variables achieved statistical significance, epinephrine use showed a trend toward statistical significance for the outcome of sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) with a p-value of 0.05346. Conclusion: Nineteen percent of patients survived out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the Polk County hospital system. This is significantly higher than the national average. This likely reflects the emphasis on high-quality CPR and active on-scene management, as no individual variable was statistically significant.