Post-COVID-19 Condition: How Sociodemographic Factors, Physical Well-Being and Functionality Influence Quality of Life and Mental Health Symptoms

Background: Long COVID-19 syndrome remains a global public health problem, with more than 145 million people affected with multisystemic symptoms. Addressing the requirements of individuals impacted by a syndrome characterised by a complex and variable clinical presentation is of utmost importance. Identifying the variables that can exert influence and understanding their progression is essential for directing treatment strategies aimed at enhancing both independence and quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the influence of sociodemographic and clinical variables on existence and their relationship with asthenia, anxiety symptoms and low mood. Methods: An analytical study secondary to an observational cross-sectional descriptive study. Results: Logistic regression showed significant univariate effects on asthenia [sex (p = 0.034); age (p = 0.042); Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire [ADQL (p = 0.002)] [physical functioning (p < 0.001) and general health (p = 0.014)] and multivariate [sex (p = 0.019), adult age (p = 0.01) and physical functioning (p = 0.04)]]; low mood [time of evolution (p = 0.028) and multivariate [time course (p = 0.007), ADLQ (p = 0.011), role physical (p = 0.013) and general health (p = 0.001)]] and anxiety [physical functioning (p = 0.046) and multivariate [physical functioning (p = 0.034), age (p = 0.011), time of evolution (p = 0.001) and ADQL (p = 0.011)]]. Conclusions: Increased age, gender and longer evolution time seem to favour the prevalence and occurrence of mental health symptoms; greater independence and good physical functioning are protective factors with respect to the occurrence of mental health-related symptoms in patients affected by post-COVID-19 condition.