The central retina vessel density and foveal avascular zone values of 792 healthy adults using optical coherence tomography angiography

Background/objectives: To determine normal macular vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) values using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) analysis in healthy adults. Subjects/methods: As part of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN) Organizational Cohort study at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (POCM), we conducted a cross-sectional study using 3 x 3 and 6 x 6 mm OCTA scans to evaluate the VD of the macular superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and the FAZ area in healthy adults. Results: The study included 792 participants, with a mean age of 39.8 +/- 6.8 years. There were 359 males with a mean age of 39.9 +/- 7.8 years and 440 females with a mean age of 39.4 +/- 6 years. The mean values of various parameters were measured, including the right eye whole image SCP and DCP VDs, FAZ area, FAZ perimeter, and fovea VD in a 300 mu m wide zone around FAZ (FD). These values were found to be 45.9 +/- 2.6%, 50.2 +/- 3%, 0.3 +/- 0.1mm2, 2.1 +/- 0.4 mm, and 50.4 +/- 3.3%, respectively. Females and younger participants had significantly higher mean values of whole image SCP and DCP VDs. Additionally, all FAZ parameters had significantly higher values in females, while younger participants had significantly higher mean FD values. Simple linear regression analyses showed that age was negatively correlated with right eye SCP and DCP VDs. Conclusion: Our study established standard SCP and DCP VD values influenced by age and gender. Age correlates negatively with both, DCP VDs correlate negatively with height and weight, and SCP VDs correlate positively with diastolic blood pressure.