Current use of angiotensin II receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease with proteinuria: a cross-sectional study based on real-world data

Japanese guidelines recommend angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) as first-line therapy in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and proteinuria, but calcium channel blockers in patients with stage G4-5 CKD aged >= 75 years; however, the implementation of these guidelines in clinical practice is unclear. We investigated the actual use of these agents in this patient population. We conducted a cross-sectional study using the DeSC database, which includes anonymous information from various health insurance systems in Japan. A total of 34,362 hypertensive patients aged <75 years with CKD stage G1-G5 with urinary protein >= 1+ or aged >= 75 years with CKD stage G1-G3 with urinary protein >= 1+, for whom Japanese guidelines recommend first-line ARBs/ACEIs, were included in the analysis. Prescription rates of ARBs and ACEIs were calculated overall and separately for each age group and glomerular filtration rate category. The mean participant age was 65.8 +/- 14.8 years, including 24,585 patients (72%) <75 years and 9777 (28%) >= 75 years. Of these, 9529 were prescribed ARBs/ACEIs (prescription rate 28%). The prescription rate was lower in patients aged <75 years with CKD stage G1-G5 (prescription rate 23%) compared with patients aged >= 75 years old with CKD stage G1-G3 (prescription rate 41%) (p < 0.001). Patients with CKD stage G1 had the lowest prescription rates for ARBs/ACEIs in both age categories. These results indicate that, despite guideline recommendations, ARBs/ACEIs are insufficiently prescribed for patients with hypertension associated with CKD with proteinuria.