Predictive Value of Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 8 in Response to Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus

Background: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection is a major public health problem in many low- and middle-income countries. The study aimed to find out how interleukin IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the blood affect the virological response to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and to find useful clinical or immunological markers for the response to HCV treatment. Methods: CHC patients from a real Egyptian population (n = 4,300), who were treated during the Egyptian national initiative to eliminate HCV at the Sherbin Central Hospital, Dakahlia Governorate, Ministry of Health, Egypt, were enrolled in our study. They were all patients who did not obtain a sustained virological response (SVR) (n = 75; non-responder; the response rate was 98.26%), and a total of 100 patients were randomly selected from patients who obtained SVR (responder) and were age- and gender-matched (p > 0.05) with non-responder patients. Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured by commercial ELISA kits. Results: Non-responder patients were associated with significantly high levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and total bilirubin. Non-responders had significantly (p < 0.05) higher baseline IL-6 (16.7 +/- 4.92 pg/mL) and IL-8 (37.81 +/- 10.55 pg/mL) levels compared to responders (12.68 +/- 2.06, 29.06 +/- 5.94 pg/mL, respectively). There was a substantial (p < 0.05) association between the combination of two cytokines and a high likelihood of treatment failure, as indicated by all parameters examined, with the highest correlation values seen. Conclusions: : The present study showed that increased IL-6 and IL-8 were associated with HCV treatment failure. IL8 was associated with fibrosis.