A Comprehensive Review of Car-Following Models: Heterogeneous Non-Lane-Based Traffic Viewpoint

Car-Following Models (CFMs) are the mathematical representations of interaction between two sequential vehicles, leader and follower, in the same lane. Most studies on car-following have been conducted on lane-based traffic in developed countries. The mixed traffic of developing countries with high heterogeneity and weak to no lane discipline create a complex system which is quite challenging to model. There are quite a few commendable studies on modelling and understanding the complex driving behaviour of the mixed traffic. The present study aims to provide an organized review of appropriate longitudinal movement models/CFMs in the context of mixed traffic and reviews the studies on critical factors influencing longitudinal driving behaviour. Contemplating these determinants, this study investigates four CFMs. Further, the strengths and limitations of each model are discussed, and the possibilities of their combination, extension or modification are explained. These models consider two or more of the seven determinants shortlisted in this study. The importance of each determinant factor and its role in better understanding the microscopic behaviour of mixed traffic are also discussed.