Comprehensive analysis of risk factors for postoperative wound infection following open reduction and internal fixation of Rib fractures

Background Postoperative wound infections (PWIs) significantly impact patient outcomes following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of rib fractures. Identifying and understanding risk factors associated with these infections are crucial for improving surgical outcomes and patient care. Methods This retrospective study, conducted from January 2020 to October 2023 at our institution, aimed to analyze the risk factors for PWIs in patients undergoing ORIF for rib fractures. A total of 150 patients were included, with 50 in the infected group and 100 in the non-infected control group, matched for demographic and clinical characteristics. Data on variables such as intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay duration, body mass index (BMI), operation time, presence of anemia, drainage time, diabetes mellitus status, smoking habits, and age were collected. Statistical analysis involved univariate and multivariate logistic regression using SPSS software (Version 27.0), with p-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Univariate analysis revealed no significant association between intraoperative blood loss or hospital stay duration and PWIs. However, operation time >= 5 h, anemia, drainage time >= 7 days, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and age >= 60 years were significantly associated with higher PWI rates. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed these factors as independent predictors of PWIs, with operation time and diabetes mellitus showing particularly strong associations. Conclusions Prolonged operation time, anemia, extended drainage, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and advanced age significantly increase the risk of PWIs following ORIF for rib fractures. Early identification and targeted management of these risk factors are essential to reduce the incidence of infections and improve postoperative outcomes.