2Ws+1H Systematic Review to (Re)Draw Actors and Challenges of Participation(s): Focus on Cultural Heritage

The Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society, better known as the Faro Convention, emphasizes the relevance of participation in cultural heritage and its clear potential benefits. Despite the growing literature on participation in cultural heritage, little research through systematic reviews has been conducted in this field. This paper explores definitions of participation, its actors, and its challenges with a focus on cultural heritage, and it aims to fill this gap by providing a systematic literature review based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines and Okoli guidelines. The results reflect on the definition of participation, the different actors involved, and the challenges facing participation in cultural heritage, based on the interactions of actors. Results further indicate that participation in cultural heritage specifically is in an early stage of adoption and that considerable effort is needed in assessing the adequate methodologies to face the challenges.