Feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of fast whole-body MRI in slightly to moderately injured trauma patients

ObjectivesTo determine the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of fast whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) compared to whole-body computed tomography (WB-CT) in detecting injuries of slightly to moderately injured trauma patients.Materials and methodsIn a prospective single-center approach, trauma patients from convenience sampling with an expected Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score <= 3 at admission, received an indicated contrast-enhanced WB-CT (reference standard) and a plain WB-MRI (index test) voluntarily up to five days after trauma. Two radiologists, blinded to the WB-CT findings, evaluated the absence or presence of injuries with WB-MRI in four body regions: head, torso, axial skeleton, and upper extremity. Diagnostic accuracy was determined using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value by body region.ResultsBetween June 2019 and July 2021, 40 patients were assessed for eligibility of whom 35 (median age (interquartile range): 50 (32.5) years; 26 men) received WB-MRI. Of 140 body regions (35 patients x 4 regions), 31 true positive, 6 false positive, 94 true negative, and 9 false negative findings were documented with WB-MRI. Thus, plain WB-MRI achieved a total sensitivity of 77.5% (95%-confidence interval (CI): (61.6-89.2%)), specificity of 94% (95%-CI: (87.4-97.8%)), and diagnostic accuracy of 89.3% (95%-CI: (82.9-93.9%)). Across the four regions sensitivity and specificity varied: head (66.7%/93.1%), torso (62.5%/96.3%), axial skeleton (91.3%/75%), upper extremity (33.3%/100%). Both radiologists showed substantial agreement on the WB-MRI reading (Cohen's Kappa: 0.66, 95%-CI: (0.51-0.81)).ConclusionRegarding injury detection, WB-MRI is feasible in slightly to moderately injured trauma patients, especially in the axial skeleton.Clinical relevance statementBesides offering a radiation-free approach, whole-body MRI detects injuries almost identically to whole-body CT in slightly to moderately injured trauma patients, who comprise a relevant share of all trauma patients.Key Points...