Nanocatalysts in direct liquid fuel cells: Advancements for superior performance and energy sustainability

Nanocatalysts have emerged as promising candidates for enhancing the performance of Direct Liquid Fuel Cells (DLFCs). These fuel cells directly convert the chemical energy stored in liquid fuels into electrical energy. Nanocatalysts, characterized by their nanoscale size and high surface area, offer unique advantages for catalytic reactions in DLFCs. This review provides an overview of the role and potential of nanocatalysts in DLFCs. Nanocatalysts are often combined with suitable support materials like carbon aerogels or metal oxides to enhance conductivity and stability. The utilization of nanocatalysts in DLFCs offers several benefits. The enhanced catalytic activity and improved reaction kinetics contribute to higher power output and fuel utilization efficiency. Nanocatalysts also broaden the range of liquid fuels that can be used, thereby increasing the versatility of DLFCs. The goal of improving catalyst efficiency has been the focus of contemporary research. DLFCs utilize nanocatalysts, which are tiny metal particles supported by metal oxides or nanocarbons like ruthenium and platinum. This study explores into their structure, support networks, and synthesis challenges, providing a comprehensive exploration of nanocatalyst advancements in DLFCs. Improving DLFC performance and efficiency involves investigating these nanocatalysts. By tackling current challenges, nanocatalysts hold the promise to transform DLFCs and play a pivotal role in advancing clean energy conversion technologies.