Digital motor intervention effects on physical activity performance of individuals with developmental disabilities: a systematic review

PurposePost-pandemic, use of digital technologies (e.g., mobile app, Zoom, virtual reality, and videogaming) to promote physical activity (PA) in populations with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) has increased. The efficacy of various digital technologies in promoting PA in individuals with IDD varies. We conducted a systematic review to examine current literature findings on the efficacy of digital PA interventions on PA outcomes in individuals with IDD.MethodsArticles published between 1900 and 2024 that examined effects of technology-based PA interventions on PA levels/fitness of individuals with IDD using experimental or quasi-experimental study designs were included. Sixteen articles were retrieved from four health databases PubMed (914), PsycInfo (1201), SCOPUS (1910), and CINAHL (948).ResultsFindings based on 604 participants (Autism: 383; Down Syndrome: 106; Developmental Disability: 83, Developmental Coordination Disorder: 37) provide the most support for exergaming/digital PA intervention benefits for populations with ID, Down Syndrome, and Autism; however, there was limited support for its use in those without ID (e.g., DCD).ConclusionDigital technology is an effective tool to promote improvements in PA/fitness, motor, cardiovascular performance in individuals with ID. Future studies need to build on this evidence to support the use of PA outcomes in individuals with different IDD diagnoses. Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are more physically inactive compared to peers without IDD.Exercise and physical activity are effective modalities to improve health and well-being of individuals with IDD.Exergaming/digital technologies are a promising option to promote physical activity in individuals with IDD, specifically, in children with Down Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder.This is the first review comparing effects of exergaming/digital technologies on physical activity outcomes of individuals with and without intellectual disabilities.