Prevalence of hypothyroidism among postmenopausal women in an urbanised village of northern India: A cross-sectional study

Introduction:Hypothyroidism is among the most prevalent endocrine disorders worldwide. Its risk increases with menopause. The prevalence of hypothyroidism among menopausal women in India is unknown, as conclusive data are scarce. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of hypothyroidism among menopausal women in Delhi, India, and study the socio-demographic factors associated with it.Methods:This was a cross-sectional community-based study done among 282 menopausal women in an urbanised village in Delhi, India. Women with a previously known history of diagnosed thyroid disorders were also included in the study. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants. A socio-demographic profile was gathered by questionnaire and blood samples were collected and analysed for thyroid hormone levels.Results:The mean age of study participants was 51.1 years. The prevalence of hypothyroidism among postmenopausal women was 27.3% (77) with 19.9% (56) previously diagnosed and 7.3% (21) diagnosed by the present study. Out of 56 previously diagnosed hypothyroid study participants, only 26 (46.4%) participants had thyroid hormones in a normal range. Age, socio-economic status and literacy status were found to be significantly associated with hypothyroidism.Conclusion:About three postmenopausal women out of 10 were found to be hypothyroid. Nation-wide data were required to estimate the true burden of thyroid disorders in this population. The prevalence increased with age underscoring the need for further research to have conclusive evidence regarding this association. Hypothyroid women who are on treatment should undergo regular evaluation of thyroid hormones so that appropriate dose adjustments can be made for pharmacological therapies.