Development and validation of learning and innovation skills self-efficacy scale (LIS-SES)

The purpose of this research is to create a tool to evaluate individuals' self-efficacy regarding learning and innovation skills according to the Partnership for 21st Century Skills(P21) framework. In this study, data was collected in three stages. Initially, data from 470 students were utilized for exploratory factor analysis. Then, data from 351 students were employed for confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, data were collected from 39 students to apply the test-retest method. The resulting scale comprises four factors and 30 items. These factors are creativity and innovation skill self-efficacy, critical thinking and problem-solving skill self-efficacy, communication skill self-efficacy, and collaborative working skill self-efficacy. The developed scale accounts for 50.65 % of the total variance. The Cronbach's alpha value computed for the total scale is 0.936. Accordingly, we can say that LIS-SES is a valid and reliable tool to measure individuals' self-efficacy in learning and innovation skills according to the P21 framework.