Novel MoS2-In2O3-WS2 (2D/3D/2D) ternary heterostructure nanocomposite material: Efficient photocatalytic degradation of antimicrobial agents under visible-light

Fabrication of ternary composited photocatalytic nanomaterials with strong interaction is vital to deriving the fast charge separation for efficient photodegradation of organic contaminants in wastewater under visible light. In this work, novel ternary 2D/3D/2D MoS2-In2O3-WS2 2-In 2 O 3-WS 2 multi-nanostructures were synthesized using facile hydrothermal processes. XRD, FTIR, and XPS results confirmed the phase, functional groups, and element composition of pure MoS2, 2 , MoS2-In2O3, 2-In 2 O 3, and MoS2-In2O3-WS2 2-In 2 O 3-WS 2 hybrids. UV-DRS spectra of the MoS2-In2O3-WS2 2-In 2 O 3-WS 2 ternary hybrid indicate maximum absorption in the visible light range with a band-gap energy value of 2.4 eV. The surface of the 2D WS2 2 nanosheet structure tightly blends and densely disperses 2D MoS2 2 nanosheets and 3D In2O3 2 O 3 nanocubes. This confirmed the formation of the MoS2-In2O3-WS2 2-In 2 O 3-WS 2 ternary hybrid in the form of 2D/3D/2D multi-nanostructures, which is also indicated from SEM and HR-TEM images. The synthesized MoS2-In2O3-WS2 2-In 2 O 3-WS 2 ternary hybrid showed maximum photocatalytic activity under visible-light for antimicrobial agents such as triclosan (TCS) and trichlorocarban (TCC). The photocatalytic activity of TCS was revealed to be 95% at 90 min, while that of TCC was 93% at 100 min. The reusability and stability tests of the prepared MoS2-In2O3-WS2 2-In 2 O 3-WS 2 ternary hybrid after four consecutive photocatalytic cycles were analyzed by FTIR and SEM, which indicated that the prepared ternary hybrid was very stable. Overall results suggested that the developed MoS2-In2O3-WS2 2-In 2 O 3-WS 2 (2D/ 3D/2D) multi-nanostructures are environmentally friendly and low-cost nanocomposites as a potential photo- catalyst for the removal of antimicrobial agents from wastewater.