Methionine Improves Boar Sperm Quality by Promoting Mitochondrial Translation during Liquid Storage

Simple Summary Artificial insemination is a common breeding technique employed in the contemporary livestock industry. However, the efficacy of this technique is contingent upon the quality of the sperm utilized. Several factors influence the quality of sperm during liquid storage. It is, therefore, essential to select an effective physiological regulator in order to maintain sperm quality during this process. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of MTFMT in different motile sperm and to investigate the effects of the addition of amino acids and methionine on sperm quality during liquid storage of boar sperm. The results demonstrated that MTFMT was highly expressed in high-motility sperm. Methionine could act as a substrate for protein translation, affecting mitochondrial function by regulating mitochondrial protein translation and directly influencing boar.Abstract Boar sperm quality serves as an important indicator of reproductive efficiency, playing a direct role in enhancing the output of livestock production. It has been demonstrated that mitochondrial protein translation is present in sperm and plays a crucial role in regulating sperm motility, capacitation and in vitro fertilization rate. The present study aimed to determine whether methionine supplementation enhances mitochondrial translation in boar sperm, thereby improving sperm quality. The results showed a significant elevation in the abundance of mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase (MTFMT), a crucial enzyme for mitochondrial protein translation, and mitochondrial DNA-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) in boar sperm exhibiting high motility. Both amino acids and methionine supplementation significantly enhanced boar sperm motility during storage. Moreover, methionine supplementation mitigates the loss of acrosomal integrity, enhances the expression of COX1, and boosts mitochondrial activity. Furthermore, the positive impact of methionine was negated in the presence of the mitochondrial translation inhibitor chloramphenicol. Together, these findings suggest that boar sperm may utilize methionine as a protein translation substrate to enhance sperm motility by stimulating mitochondrial protein translation. The supplementation of methionine may enhance the quality of boar sperm, thereby providing guidance for the optimization of diluent formulations for liquid storage and the identification of physiological regulators that regulate sperm motility.