Associations of Dietary Magnesium Intake with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Individuals with Gout and Hyperuricemia

We aimed to evaluate the relationship of dietary magnesium intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among patients with gout and hyperuricemia (HUA). We analyzed data of 1171 gout patients and 6707 HUA patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018 and 2001-2018, respectively. Dietary intake data were obtained from 24-h dietary recall interviews. Mortality status was determined using the NHANES public-use linked mortality fill. We used Cox regression model and restricted cubic spline analysis to probe the association of dietary magnesium intake and mortality among gout and HUA patients. During 7081 person-years of follow-up, 257 deaths were documented in gout patients, among which 74 died from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 48 died from cancer. For HUA patients followed up for 58,216 person-years, 1315 all-cause deaths occurred, including 411 CVD deaths and 224 cancer deaths. After multifactorial adjustments, higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality. Nonlinear negative associations were found between dietary magnesium intake and CVD mortality among gout and HUA patients, with inflection points of 152.5 mg/day and 303 mg/day, respectively, and cancer mortality among HUA patients, with the inflection point of 232 mg/day. The results were robust in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. High dietary magnesium intake is linearly related to all-cause mortality, and nonlinearly associated with cause-specific mortality among gout and HUA patients.