Challenges in thermal management of lithium-ion batteries using phase change nanocomposite materials: A review

Adequate thermal management is crucial for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) due to safety concerns around leakage and elevated temperatures. Lithium batteries face a significant challenge in managing heat, as their performance can significantly deteriorate outside the normal temperature range and heat generation inside LIBs is a challenge to adequate cooling and thermal management. Phase change materials (PCMs) absorb/release latent heat of fusion during the melting/solidification process also this study explores the use of PCMs in Li-ion battery thermal management systems (BTMSs), addressing current issues and highlighting potential future applications for efficient cooling. PCMs are recommended in BTMSs designed for high-density LIBs. This study investigates several BTMSs, including the ones that use traditional methods, forced cooling, and PCMs. It also discusses the requirements for using PCMs in thermal management. The results showed that although air-cooled and liquidcooled BTMSs provide excellent cooling and heating efficiency, they still need further improvement. On the other hand, LIBs using PCM for cooling can overcome challenges regarding temperature sensitivity. This was achieved since PCMs transfer heat during the phase change, providing energy-saving benefits. For high-capacity packets, active PCM systems were more suitable than passive ones.