Process performance and precipitate quality of phosphorus recovery by struvite precipitation in a fluidized bed reactor using a MgO industrial by-product

Phosphorus recovery through struvite precipitation has gained interest due to the potential use of struvite as a fertiliser, with fluidised bed reactors being a popular technology for carrying out the process. Struvite precipitation requires a magnesium source and an alkaline reagent. This research uses a low-grade magnesium oxide (LG-MgO) industrial by-product with a 56 wt% of MgO as magnesium source and an alkaline reagent to lower operating costs and value-add an industrial by-product. LG-MgO is poorly soluble in water, but its solubility increases significantly when dissolved in anaerobic digestion supernatants due to its circumneutral pH and high buffer capacity. Phosphorus precipitation was carried out in a laboratory-scale fluidised bed reactor where three operating variables (i.e. P:Mg molar ratio, feed inlet position, and recirculation flow rate) were studied to determine the LG-MgO impact on precipitate struvite content. Experimental results showed a high struvite content in all precipitates, close to the values reported for pure magnesium sources. The P:Mg molar ratio influenced precipitate composition. The percentage of struvite in the precipitate were 75-82 wt%, 85-88 wt%, and 75-76 wt% for the P:Mg ratio of 1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:3, respectively. The feed inlet position (side or bottom) also had an impact on precipitate struvite content when the P:Mg molar ratio was 1:3, but not for the other molar ratios. The recirculation flow rate did not have a significant impact on precipitate struvite content.