Evaluation of the relationship between maxillary canine impaction with arch dimensions and maxillary sinus dimensions using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT )

Background: We aimed to evaluate the morphology of maxilla and sinus dimensions in subjects with unilaterally and bilaterally impacted canine using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) records. Methods: CBCT records taken during 2020-2022 of 120 patients were obtained to investigate the relationship between impacted canine and maxillary morphology as well as sinus dimensions. The CBCT images were then divided into three groups: control, unilaterally canine impaction and bilaterally canine impaction. Then morphology-related variables (arch circumference, arch length , inter molar width, inter first premolar width, palatal depth, anterior posterior dimension of the right and left sinuses, and mediolateral dimension of the right and left sinuses) were analyzed and compared between groups. All measurements were done by Ondeman 3D dental software. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS software version 21 using one-way ANOVA. Results: There were meaningful differences in patients with canine impaction compared with control group in arch circumference (P P value= 0.004) and arch length (P P value= 0.001), inter molar width (P P value= 0.001), inter first premolar width (P P value= 0.001), mediolateral dimension of the right (P P value=0.001) and left (P P value= 0.001) sinuses of maxilla. Furthermore, Palatal depth and anterior posterior dimension of the right and left sinuses did not show statistically significant difference between groups. Conclusion: Canine impaction can considerably affect the morphology of maxillary and sinuses dimensions. Nevertheless, future studies are needed to determine the exact structural and molecular effects of the canine impaction on maxillary sinuses and neighboring tissues.