Turkey vultures tune their airspeed to changing air density

被引:1
作者
Rader, Jonathan A. [1 ]
Hedrick, Tyson L. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Air density; Equivalent airspeed; Gliding flight; 3D tracking; Flapping flight; Elevation gradient; MIGRATING BIRDS; FLIGHT ENERGETICS; GLIDING BIRDS; BEHAVIOR; ALTITUDE; SPEEDS; EVOLUTION; BLACK; WIND; HEMOGLOBINS;
D O I
10.1242/jeb.246828
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Animals must tune their physical performance to changing environmental conditions, and the breadth of environmental tolerance may contribute to delineating the geographic range of a species. A common environmental challenge that flying animals face is the reduction of air density at high elevation and the reduction in the effectiveness of lift production that accompanies it. As a species, turkey vultures ( Cathartes aura) ) inhabit a >3000 m elevation range, and fly considerably higher, necessitating that they accommodate for a 27% change in air density (0.890 to 1.227 kg m(-3)) through behavior, physiology or biomechanics. We predicted that birds flying at high elevation would maintain aerodynamic lift performance behaviorally via higher flight speeds, rather than increases in power output or local phenotypic adaptation. We used three-dimensional videography to track turkey vultures flying at three elevations, and data supported the hypothesized negative relationship between median airspeed and air density. Additionally, neither the ratio of horizontal speed to sinking speed nor flapping behavior varied with air density.
引用
收藏
页数:9
相关论文
共 50 条
[41]   Applying the method of direct statistical modeling to the rocket measurements of air density [J].
O. V. Shtyrkov ;
V. A. Yushkov ;
S. V. Zhurin ;
A. L. Kusov .
Russian Meteorology and Hydrology, 2017, 42 :817-826
[42]   Applying the method of direct statistical modeling to the rocket measurements of air density [J].
Shtyrkov, O. V. ;
Yushkov, V. A. ;
Zhurin, S. V. ;
Kusov, A. L. .
RUSSIAN METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY, 2017, 42 (12) :817-826
[43]   Air density of the Permian atmosphere: Constraints from lithified raindrop imprints [J].
Glotzbach, C. ;
Brandes, C. .
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY, 2014, 409 :280-289
[44]   Maxillary Air Density Measurements for Differentiating Between Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusitis [J].
Hirshoren, Nir ;
Turner, Yehonatan N. ;
Sosna, Jacob ;
Hirschenbein, Aviv .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY, 2013, 201 (06) :1331-1334
[45]   HABITAT PARAMETERS AND BREEDING DENSITY OF KRUPER'S NUTHATCH SITTA KRUEPERI PELZELN IN SOUTHERN TURKEY [J].
Albayrak, Tamer ;
Bairlein, Franz ;
Erdogan, Ali .
POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, 2010, 58 (03) :545-552
[46]   Regional assessment for the occurrence probability of wind erosion based on the joint probability density function of air density and wind speed [J].
Liang, Yushi ;
Shen, Yaping ;
Zhang, Zeyu ;
Ji, Xiaodong ;
Zhang, Mulan ;
Li, Yiran ;
Wang, Yu ;
Xue, Xinyue .
CATENA, 2024, 243
[47]   Investigation of building height and roof effect on the air velocity and pressure distribution around the detached houses in Turkey [J].
Ayata, Tahir .
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING, 2009, 29 (8-9) :1752-1758
[48]   Mixture bivariate distribution of wind speed and air density for wind energy assessment [J].
Yang, Zihao ;
Huang, Weinan ;
Dong, Sheng ;
Li, Huajun .
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT, 2023, 276
[49]   A compact refractometer applied to measurements of the refractive index of air and its density fluctuations [J].
Fang, H ;
Juncar, P .
INTERFEROMETRY '99: APPLICATIONS, 1999, 3745 :189-195
[50]   Air density determination using 1 kg buoyancy mass comparison(III) [J].
Chung, JW ;
Chang, KH ;
Lee, WG ;
Kim, KP .
JOINT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IMEKO TC3/TC5/TC20, 2002, 1685 :273-277