High-Throughput Screening of Metabolic Biomarkers and Wearable Biosensors for the Quantification of Metabolites

Metabolic biomarkers facilitate pathological/physiological investigations and clinic decisions. Noninvasive quantification of metabolic biomarkers allows patients to monitor their health without time, location, and environmental constraints. Recently, the synergistic integration between high-throughput screening strategy via mass spectrometry and noninvasive quantification techniques via wearable biosensors may provide fundamental insights into the application of metabolic biomarkers in clinical diagnostics. Here, mass spectrometry for the screening of metabolic biomarkers in several major clinical diseases (retinoblastoma, coronary heart disease, lung adenocarcinoma) is introduced. Then, three types of wearable biosensors based on electrochemistry, organic electrochemical transistors, and field effect transistors for the noninvasive quantification of metabolic biomarkers are summarized. The review may serve as a handbook for high-throughput screening of metabolic biomarkers and wearable biosensors for the quantification of metabolites. It is anticipated that biomarker discovery and quantification will facilitate the next generation of wearable biosensors toward personalized, intelligent, and precise home-healthcare on a large-scale. Noninvasive quantification of metabolic biomarkers allows patients to monitor their health without time, location, and environmental constraints. Several proof-of-concept investigations that accomplish high-throughput screening and noninvasive quantification of metabolic biomarkers are summarized. It is anticipated that biomarker discovery and quantification will assist the next generation of wearable biosensors toward personalized, intelligent, and precise home-healthcare on a large-scale. image