Integrating Sonic Pulse Velocity Tests with Masonry Classification for Heritage Conservation: An Insight from On-Site Diagnostic Campaigns

The preservation of architectural heritage relies on a comprehensive understanding assisted by diagnostic procedures. Among non-destructive techniques, the Sonic Pulse Velocity Test (SPVT) qualifies the compactness of a masonry wall through elastic wave transmission. However, it does not directly estimate any mechanical parameters. This study presents findings from a database of 346 direct SPVTs carried out over thirteen years on both listed and ordinary buildings. Results were categorized based on masonry type according to the Italian building code, to derive information about construction quality and relate SPV with building features. Tests performed on 37 masonry panels strengthened by grout injections also confirmed the validity of SPVT in evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention. Furthermore, the Masonry Quality Index (MQI) method permitted to refine the masonry type definition through the judgment of the units' arrangement. MQI and SPVT results were also combined by statistical analysis. These findings aim to increase comprehension of the different types of existing masonry capacity and contribute to engineering assessments for ensuring the structural safety of historical buildings.