Performance of the 0-Hour/1-Hour Algorithm for Diagnosing Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Chest Pain in the Emergency Department ― A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis ―

Background: This study assessed the diagnostic performance of the 0-hour/1-hour (0/1-h) algorithm to rule in and rule out acute myocardial infarction (MI) in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) for suspected acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation, as recommended in the 2015 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline. Methods and Results: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy (PRISMA-DTA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using the PubMed database from inception to March 31, 2020. We included any article published in English investigating the diagnostic performance of the ESC 0/1-h algorithm for diagnosing MI in patients with chest pain visiting the ED. Of 651 studies identified as potentially available for the study, 7 studies including 16 databases were analyzed. A meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the 0/1-h algorithm using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTn) with 6 observational databases showed a pooled sensitivity of 99.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 98.5-99.7%) and a pooled specificity of 90.1% (95% CI 80.7-95.2%). A meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of 10 observational databases of the ESC 0/1-h algorithm using hs-cTn revealed a pooled sensitivity of 99.3% (95% CI 96.9-99.9%) and a pooled specificity of 91.7% (95% CI 83.5-96.1%). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the ESC 0/1-h algorithm can effectively rule in and rule out patients with non-ST-segment elevation MI.