Target detection is an important task in the field of computer vision and its application has been extended to the medical field. In the medical field, target detection techniques can be used for diagnosis, treatment and research. For example, by performing target detection on medical images, lesion regions or foci can be automatically identified and localized to help doctors perform accurate diagnosis and treatment. In traditional machine learning methods, commonly used features include morphological features, texture features, and histogram features. And in deep learning methods, the commonly used structures include Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), etc. In addition, there are many special problems and challenges for medical images, such as image quality, variation between modalities, and lack of data. Therefore, target detection in the medical field requires special techniques and algorithms to address these issues. By integrating expertise in the medical field, combining traditional and deep learning techniques, and developing improved and optimized algorithms for the special problems of medical images, the accuracy and efficiency of medical target detection can be improved, thus contributing to the advancement of medical research and clinical practice.