Plant-mediated synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Caccinia macranthera extract and assessment of their antioxidant and cytotoxic properties

Objective(s): The current study aims to achieve synthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) through a green chemistry route using sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and Caccinia macranthera (C. macranthera) plant extract as stabilizing and reducing agents and to investigate the anticancer effects of the synthesized NPs. Materials and Methods: The outcomes affirmed the successful production of the synthesized Se-NPs, as their spherical framework and particle size scale of 54 to 60 nm were exhibited by the images of FESEM/ PSA. This spherical frame was also detected in the TEM images at a size of 11.5 nm. The inhibitory effect of Se-NPs was investigated on the proliferation of human liver cancer cells (Huh-7). Additionally, the effect of Se-NPs was studied on the expression of the implicated genes throughout the cell apoptosis using the RealTime PCR technique. Also, the percentage of apoptotic cells was obtained using Annexin V/PI and DAPI kits. Finally, flow cytometry was exerted to determine the amount of produced ROS. Results: The results of laboratory studies showed that Se-NPs can significantly reduce the survival of Huh-7 cancer cells in dosage and time-reliant behavior, while they have very little toxicity on normal L929 cells. Also, Se-NPs were able to induce apoptosis in liver cancer cells, which was observed along with the increased expression of Bax, p53, Caspase3, and Caspase 9 genes. In addition, Se-NPs increased the production of ROS in Huh-7 cells and led to an increase in oxidative stress in these cells. Conclusion: Therefore, these NPs can be used in clinical studies of liver cancer.