Overview of surface engineering technology to improve the energy efficiency in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants

Thermal energy storage (TES) technologies have been selected as key enabling technologies to mitigate climate change and to assess renewable energy deployment. Thereby, TES technologies are not considered a side system anymore but a technology with a high potential by itself. However, their energy efficiency and performance has a limitation in the material available for their final application. In this scenario, surface engineering is the clue to improve the thermal performance of TES systems under working boundary conditions by improving several aspects as corrosion protection, thermal barrier, optical absorbance, etc. This review explores the pivotal role of coatings in advancing Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants, crucial for harnessing clean and sustainable energy. Covering various coating techniques, including vapor deposition, laser deposition, sol-gel, thermal spray, and others, the study evaluates their applications, advantages, and limitations. Notably, thermal spray emerges as a cost-effective and adaptable solution for corrosion resistance, while sol-gel and vapor deposition showcase versatility with distinct advantages. The innovative focus on coatings enhancing TES system properties reveals promising outcomes, offering valuable insights for advancing CSP technology. In conclusion, coatings prove indispensable for maximizing the efficiency and viability of CSP plants, solidifying their significance in the transition towards cleaner and sustainable energy solutions.