Struggles over Resource Access in Rural Tanzania: Claiming for Recognition in a Community-Based Forest Conservation Intervention

被引:0
|
作者
Mabele, Mathew Bukhi [1 ]
Muller-Boker, Ulrike [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Dodoma, Dept Geog Environm Studies, JakayaKikwete St,CHSS Adm Bldg, Dodoma, Tanzania
[2] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland
关键词
Tanzania; Kilosa; Community-based conservation; recognition justice; resource access; claim-making; charcoal governance; Tanzanie; conservation communautair; Justice de la reconnaissance; Acc & egrave; s aux ressources; Revendication; Gouvernance du charbon; Uhifadhi unaoshirikisha jamii; Haki ya kutambuliwa; Matumizi ya rasilimali; Kudai haki; Utawala wa mkaa; ETHNICITY; POLITICS; EXCLUSIONS; RESISTANCE; CONFLICT; JUSTICE;
D O I
10.1177/00020397241245135
中图分类号
K9 [地理];
学科分类号
0705 ;
摘要
This article draws insights from access, claim-making and critical environmental justice scholarships to reveal how community-based conservation (CBC) may provide strategic openings for marginalised individuals to claim recognition. Empirically, we ground it in the context of a Sustainable Charcoal Project in rural Kilosa, Tanzania. In our study villages, Ihombwe and Ulaya Mbuyuni, the project provided an opening for the marginalised to claim recognition based on contested migration-and-settlement histories. These histories produced intra-community differentiation as firstcomers (mis)used the project for political domination, cultural status and material benefits. When the project opened governance spaces, latecomers embraced CBC institutions and processes as strategic openings to contest their marginalisation and claim for recognition. We suggest that CBC may produce political benefits where (mal)recognition of rights to resource access occurs as some people hold a sense of belonging more to the land than others. Cet article puise ses r & eacute;flexions dans les corpus de la recherche sur les dynamiques d'acc & egrave;s, la revendication de droits et les & eacute;tudes critiques de justice environnementale, afin de mettre en lumi & egrave;re la mani & egrave;re dont la conservation communautaire (CC) peut se r & eacute;v & eacute;ler & ecirc;tre une fen & ecirc;tre strat & eacute;gique pour les individus en marge, en qu & ecirc;te de reconnaissance. Dans une d & eacute;marche empirique, nous situons notre & eacute;tude au sein du cadre d'un Projet de Charbon Durable, implant & eacute; dans le tissu rural de Kilosa, en Tanzanie. Au c oe ur de nos terrains d'investigation, les villages d'Ihombwe et d'Ulaya Mbuyuni, le projet se manifeste comme un catalyseur pour les communaut & eacute;s marginalis & eacute;es, leur permettant de revendiquer une reconnaissance auparavant limit & eacute;e par les histoires de migration. Ces histoires avaient engendr & eacute; une diff & eacute;rentiation intracommunautaire que les pionniers ont user pour essayer & agrave; exploiter le projet pour asseoir une domination politique, s'arroger un statut culturel et accaparer des b & eacute;n & eacute;fices mat & eacute;riels. & Agrave; l'ouverture des espaces de gouvernance par le projet, les nouveaux venus se sont appropri & eacute;s les institutions et les processus de la CC comme leviers strat & eacute;giques pour contester leur marginalisation et revendiquer une l & eacute;gitimit & eacute;. Nous postulons que la CC peut engendrer des b & eacute;n & eacute;fices politiques l & agrave; o & ugrave; se manifeste une (mal)reconnaissance des droits d'acc & egrave;s aux ressources, dans un contexte o & ugrave; certains se pr & eacute;valent d'un sentiment d'appartenance & agrave; la terre plus accentu & eacute; que d'autres. Makala hii inachota ufahamu kutoka kwenye masomo ya upatikanaji, madai, na haki ya mazingira kwa lengo la kufichua jinsi uhifadhi unaoshirikisha jamii unaweza kutoa fursa za kimkakati kwa watu waliopuuzwa kutaka kutambuliwa. Kiutafiti, tunashirikisha muktadha wa Mradi wa makaa endelevu kwenye vijiji vilivyopo Wilayani Kilosa, Tanzania. Katika vijiji vyetu vya utafiti: Ihombwe na Ulaya Mbuyuni, mradi huo unakuwa fursa kwa waliopuuzwa kutambuliwa kulingana na historia za uhamiaji na makazi ambayo yanazozaniwa. Historia hizi husababisha tofauti ndani ya jamii wakati wanaojiona waanzilishi wanajitokeza kutumia mradi kwa lengo la kujinufaisha kisiasa na kiuongozi, hadhi ya kitamaduni, na faida za mali. Kwa kufunguliwa ushiriki mpana katika maamuzi kulikoletwa na mradi, wale wanaoitwa wakuja hatimaye walitumia mifumo ya kitaasisi na kimaamuzi iliyoletwa na uhifadhi shirikishi kama fursa za kimkakati ili kupinga ubaguzi wao na kudai kutambuliwa kwao katika nyanja za matumizi na usimamizi shirikishi wa maliasili. Tunapendekeza kwamba uhifadhi unaoshirikisha jamii unaweza kuleta faida katika kutambuliwa haswa kwa wale waliopuuzwa kupitia kasumba za wanaojikweza kuwa wenyeji na wanaostahili faida za maliasili na uongozi zaidi ya wengine wanaoitwa wakuja au wapiti njia.
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页码:279 / 304
页数:26
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