The Impact of Cerebral Visual Impairment on Social Skills and Sensory Processing

Limited evidence exists on the impact of cerebral visual impairment (CVI) on developmental domains in toddlers. This study investigated whether CVI influences social skills and sensory processing in toddlers with cerebral palsy (CP). The study included toddlers with CP, with or without CVI, and typically developing (TD) toddlers. All parents completed the demographic information form. Social skills were assessed by the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA). Sensory processing was evaluated by the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP). Analysis of covariance was employed to assess the disparity in BITSEA and ITSP scores. Toddlers with CP and CVI group demonstrated lower social competence than the other groups (p < .05). Having CVI did not cause a statistically significant difference in sensory processing among toddlers with CP (p > .05). CVI significantly affects social competence in toddlers with CP but does not affect sensory processing. Plain Language Summary Understanding How Vision Impacts Social Skills and Sensory Processing in Toddlers with Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy (CP) is a lifelong condition that affects a child's ability to control their muscles and movements. It occurs due to damage or abnormalities in the brain that happen before, during, or shortly after birth. This condition can affect various aspects of daily life, including walking, feeding, and dressing. It often leads to challenges in physical skills and may be accompanied by difficulties in sensory, cognitive, and social functions. One of the accompanying difficulties is cerebral visual impairment (CVI), a common challenge for these children that affects their vision without apparent eye problems. As vision is crucial for social development, children with CVI may experience socio-visual deprivation, leading to cognitive deficits and behavioral difficulties. This study explores how vision influences the social and sensory abilities of toddlers with CP. We compared 66 toddlers: 22 with CP and CVI, 22 with CP without CVI, and 22 typically developing toddlers. The findings reveal that toddlers with CP and CVI group demonstrated lower social competence than the other groups. However, the presence of CVI did not cause difference in sensory processing among toddlers with CP. Understanding the impact of CVI on social and sensory skills is crucial for developing tailored therapy interventions for toddlers with CP. This research sheds light on the intricate relationship between vision and social competence, emphasizing the need for targeted support for these children. By recognizing and addressing these challenges early on, we can enhance the overall well-being and development of toddlers with CP.