Phenotypic and genomic characterization of phosphate-solubilizing rhizobia isolated from native Mimosa and Desmodium in Brazil

The phosphate (P)-solubilizing potential of rhizobia isolated from active root nodules of Brazilian native Mimosa and Desmodium was assessed. Out of the 15 strains selected, five Paraburkholderia isolated from Mimosa spp. grown in rocky outcrops stood out. The Ca-3(PO4)(2)-solubilizing efficiency of these strains ranged from 110.67 to 356.3 mgL(-1), with less expressive results for FePO4 and Al(H2PO4)(3,) that might be attributed to the low solubility of these two P compounds. Paraburkholderia strains CNPSo 3281 and CNPSo 3076 were the most efficient siderophore producers (44.17 and 41.87 mu Mol EDTA) and two of the top FePO4 solubilizers. Acidification of the culture media was observed for all the strains and P sources. Regarding Ca-3(PO4)(2) solubilization(,) the main organic acids detected were glucuronic (an important component of rhizobia exopolysaccharides) and gluconic acids. Genomic analysis of P. nodosa CNPSo 3281 and CNPSo 3076 along with other phosphate-solubilizing Paraburkholderia species of the genus pointed out a conserved gene organization of phoUBR, pstSCAB, ppk and ppx. Greenhouse experiment revealed that P. nodosa CNPSo 3281 and CNPSo 3076 promoted maize growth under low P. Our results indicate the relevance of native rhizobia as multifunctional plant-associated bacteria and the rocky outcrops ecosystems as hotspots for bioprospection.