Using positioning theory to investigate the participation of culturally and linguistically diverse adolescent students in classroom discussion

Teachers have a critical opportunity to decide how to position transnational funds of knowledge of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students. Positioning theory investigates how views of self and others are applied in social interactions. This scoping literature review identified nine studies that used positioning theory to trace the participation of adolescent CLD students in classroom discussions. The review was limited to peer-reviewed studies set in school and afterschool classes in the United States. The findings provide a variety of real-world examples of students and teachers negotiating their identities and navigating participatory opportunities. In response to how the findings revealed the far-reaching influence of the teacher, this article introduces a model illustrating the intersection of two key components of teaching style: teacher beliefs and positioning of transnational funds of knowledge. Four teacher profiles represent four stances: The Culturally Responsive Teacher, The Wide Net, The Silencer, and The Idealist.