Various Features of the X-class White-light Flares in Super Active Region NOAA 13664

被引：2

作者：

Li, Ying ^{[1
,2
]}

Liu, Xiaofeng ^{[1
,2
]}

Jing, Zhichen ^{[1
,2
]}

Chen, Wei ^{[1
,2
]}

Li, Qiao ^{[1
,2
]}

Su, Yang ^{[1
,2
]}

Song, De-Chao ^{[1
]}

Ding, M. D. ^{[3
,4
]}

Feng, Li ^{[1
,2
]}

Li, Hui ^{[1
,2
]}

Gan, Weiqun ^{[1
,5
]}

机构：

[1] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Dark Matter & Space Astron, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China

[2] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Hefei, Peoples R China

[3] Nanjing Univ, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China

[4] Nanjing Univ, Key Lab Modern Astron & Astrophys, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Peoples R China

[5] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang 211135, Peoples R China

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | 2024年 / 972卷 / 01期

基金：

国家重点研发计划;

关键词：

SOLAR TELESCOPE LST; ASO-S MISSION; STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; CONTINUUM; EMISSION; ELECTRON; HYDROGEN; ONBOARD;

D O I：

10.3847/2041-8213/ad6d6c

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Super active region NOAA 13664 produced 12 X-class flares (including the largest one so far, an occulted X8.7 flare, in solar cycle 25) during 2024 May 8-15, and 11 of them are identified as white-light flares. Here we present various features of these X-class white-light flares observed by the White-light Solar Telescope (WST) on board the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. It is found that both the white-light emissions at WST 3600 & Aring; (Balmer continuum) and HMI 6173 & Aring; (Paschen continuum) show up in different regions of the sunspot group in these flares, including outside the sunspots and within the penumbra and umbra of the sunspots. They exhibit a point-, ribbon-, loop-, or ejecta-like shape, which can come from flare ribbons (or footpoints), flare loops, and plasma ejecta depending on the perspective view. The white-light duration and relative enhancement are measured and both parameters for 3600 & Aring; emission have greater values than those for 6173 & Aring; emission. It is also found that these white-light emissions are cospatial well with the hard X-ray (HXR) sources in the on-disk flares but have some offsets with the HXR emissions in the off-limb flares. In addition, it is interesting that the 3600 and 6173 & Aring; emissions show different correlations with the peak HXR fluxes, with the former one more sensitive to the HXR emission. All these greatly help us understand the white-light flares of a large magnitude from a super active region on the Sun and also provide important insights into superflares on Sun-like stars.

引用

页数：8