A Comprehensive Review on Nephrolithiasis: Etiology Recent Advances and Clinical Trials

Kidney stone disease, or nephrolithiasis, is a common condition with high morbidity that affects people all over the world. It is important to comprehend the etiology and contemporary developments in its management to enhance patient results. In this study, we describe a thorough analysis of nephrolithiasis, with particular attention to its etiology, current developments in treatment modalities, and ongoing clinical studies by utilizing electronic databases. A thorough search of the literature was carried out to find pertinent papers published through 2024 and the genesis of nephrolithiasis, new treatment developments, and ongoing clinical trials. The review clarifies the complex interplay between dietary variables, metabolic disorders, and genetic susceptibility that leads to nephrolithiasis. The most recent developments in treatment modalities, such as minimally invasive operations and medication therapies, are examined. Furthermore, ongoing clinical trials examining new treatments and preventative measures are emphasized. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for the optimal care of nephrolithiasis because it is a complex condition influenced by a variety of factors. While ongoing clinical trials hold promise for additional innovation in nephrolithiasis therapy and prevention, recent therapeutic developments offer promising pathways for enhanced patient care. Addressing the difficulties brought on by this common ailment requires cooperation and ongoing study.