Long-Term Seasonal and Annual Rainfall Trend Analysis of Giridih District, Jharkhand, India

District Giridih is primarily rain dependent on its 95 per cent net cultivable land under summer-monsoon crops. It is classified as a mono-cropping area as it lacks irrigation facilities, essential for winter crops. In the last few years, the district experienced water stress due to the shortage of monsoon rainfall. We study long term seasonal and annual rainfall trend analyses for the Giridih district of Jharkhand in India using linear regression modelling. The last 100 years of data were taken for the study and were divided into two-time phases of 50 years each to analyse the changing pattern of rainfall trends. We found a decreasing trend in monsoon rainfall from 1 mm y(-1) to 3 mm y(-1) between the initial (1921-1971) and final (1972-2021) phase of the study period. Similarly, the return period of droughts (rainfall deficit years) has also reduced from 11 years to 5 years. The study has shown that the rainfall pattern has changed, with the winter months showing a decrease and the pre-monsoon months an increase in their relative contributions to the annual rainfalls. The study may help in the formulation of water resource conservation-oriented decision-making to cope-up with the rainfall uncertainties and meet the future water demand.