Single-Station Multiparametric Seismic Monitoring of Copahue Volcano, Argentina-Chile (2018-2023)

Knowledge about the temporal evolution of a volcano is fundamental for an accurate understanding of the occurring physical dynamic processes and an appropriate assessment of the most probable near-future volcanic scenarios. Using seismic data recorded in the area of one of the most hazardous volcanoes along the Argentina-Chile, international border-Copahue volcano, we obtain information for an improved interpretation of the processes that occurred before, during, and after eruptive events. We use a single-station methodology to assess variations in the mechanical properties and internal structure of the Copahue volcano. Thus, we obtain information about structural alterations, friction and fractures, and variations in rigidity in the volcanic system. Our results show that the time variations of the evaluated seismic parameters correlate to the volcanic phenomena observed on the surface, that is, incandescence and ash emissions. Accounting for the physical processes, to which the analyzed seismic parameters are sensitive, and previous models developed for the area, we propose a physical model explaining the eruptive events that occurred at Copahue in the period 2018-2023. This model can potentially be used for the assessment of future scenarios, which is of fundamental importance for the institutions in charge of the real-time monitoring of Copahue volcano to improve the quality of their evidencebased decisions.