Safety and Efficacy of Corneal Cross-Linking in Patients Affected by Keratoconus: Long-Term Results

The present study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL). A total of 886 eyes with progressive keratoconus were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care university hospital. CXL was performed using a standard epithelium-off Dresden protocol. Visual outcomes, maximum keratometry (Kmax), demarcation line measurements, and complications were recorded. Visual outcomes and keratometric data were analyzed in a subgroup comprising 610 eyes. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) improved from 0.49 +/- 0.38 LogMAR to 0.47 +/- 0.39 LogMAR (p = 0.03, n = 610) three years after the procedure, while corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) improved from 0.15 +/- 0.14 LogMAR to 0.14 +/- 0.15 LogMAR (p = 0.007, n = 610). A significant reduction of Kmax from 56.28 +/- 6.10 to 54.98 +/- 6.19 (p < 0.001, n = 610) was observed three years after CXL. In five eyes (0.82%, 5/610) keratoconus progression continued after CXL. Three eyes were retreated successfully with documented refractive and topographic stability after five years. In the 35 eyes that completed 10 years of follow-up, mean visual acuity and topographic parameters remained stable. In conclusion, CXL is a safe and effective treatment for avoiding keratoconus progression. Long-term data are encouraging, supporting a high safety profile for this procedure.