Carbon sink and soil organic carbon sequestration mechanisms in vineyards

In the context of global warming, the focus of research in grape ecology has shifted towards the role of vineyards as carbon sinks and their capacity for soil carbon sequestration. Given their economic and ecological significance, plantation vineyards play a crucial role in assessing carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. Vineyards characterized by concentrated and continuous cultivation exhibit notable CO2 sequestration capacity, along with vital ecosystem service functions. The vineyard ecosystem effectively captured and stored substantial amounts of carbon within grapevines and soil, with soil microorganisms being pivotal for the formation, alteration, and fixation of soil organic carbon. To explore the carbon sequestration value of vineyards, this study systematically reviewed carbon flux and storage in vineyards, as well as both plant- and microbial-derived inputs of soil organic carbon. The sequestration mechanism of soil organic carbon, regulated by the soil microbial carbon pump was comprehensively examined. This included a focused exploration of the processes governing the formation and accumulation of soil microbial organic carbon, and the contribution of soil microbial necromass carbon to soil organic carbon. Additionally, the protective mechanisms of the mineral, aggregate, and biological sequestration of soil organic carbon were elucidated. This study provides a theoretical reference for advancing our understanding of soil organic carbon sequestration in vineyard ecosystems. Furthermore, this study offers insights into potential avenues for future research and practical applications in this field.